1. In 1917, Alaska became a U.S. territory. Prior to this, it was a district of the U.S. since its purchase from Russia in 1867. The move to territorial status gave Alaskans more self-governance and representation in the U.S. government.
2. In 1973, the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) was completed. This pipeline transports crude oil from Prudhoe Bay to the port of Valdez, spanning approximately 800 miles. TAPS has been a significant driver of the state's economy and is one of the largest pipeline systems in the world.
3. In 1942, Japanese forces invaded and occupied the Aleutian Islands during World War II. The occupation lasted for over a year and resulted in both U.S. and Japanese military casualties. The Battle of Attu, fought in May 1943, marked the first time U.S. forces had retaken territory held by a foreign power since the War of 1812.
4. In 1964, a magnitude 9.2 earthquake struck Alaska. This remains the most powerful earthquake recorded in U.S. history and the second most powerful ever recorded worldwide. The earthquake caused widespread damage and triggered tsunamis that impacted coastal communities throughout the region.
5. In 1975, the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) was signed into law. This act settled land claims from Alaska Native tribes and corporations and provided them with financial compensation. The act also established 12 regional Native corporations, which receive revenues from land and resource development projects. ANCSA is considered a significant milestone in Native American civil rights and tribal sovereignty.