1. In 1803, the United States government officially established the Illinois Territory, with Kaskaskia serving as its first capital city.

2. On April 30, 1861, the state of Illinois issued a call to arms after the start of the Civil War, prompting many young men to join the Union Army and fight for their country.

3. In 1927, the city of Chicago experienced a devastating tornado outbreak on April 30th, resulting in hundreds of deaths and widespread destruction throughout the city.

4. On April 30, 1934, notorious gangster John Dillinger was finally captured by the FBI outside of the Biograph Theater in Chicago, marking the end of his legendary crime spree.

5. In 1960, the world's first successful transplant of a human lung was performed at the University of Illinois Hospital in Chicago on April 30th, paving the way for future medical breakthroughs in the field of organ transplantation.