1. In 1794, the Battle of Fallen Timbers occurred in present-day Ohio, which helped pave the way for future expansion and settlement in New York and the rest of the United States.

2. In 1858, Charles Darwin first published his book "On the Origin of Species," which sparked a scientific revolution and influenced many diverse fields, including medicine, politics, and culture in New York and beyond.

3. In 1911, the Mona Lisa was stolen from the Louvre Museum in Paris, which led to an international manhunt and eventually landed the painting in New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art for safekeeping.

4. In 1964, civil rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer delivered her powerful "Sick and Tired" speech at the Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City, which called for greater African American representation and justice in New York and across the nation.

5. In 1988, Andrew Cunanan killed his first victim, Jeffrey Trail, in Minneapolis, setting off a string of murders that culminated with the assassination of fashion designer Gianni Versace outside his Miami Beach mansion in 1997, a notorious crime that deeply impacted the city and the nation, culminating in the capture and suicide of Cunanan.