1. Birth of Benjamin Franklin: January 13, 1706, marks the birth of one of America's founding fathers, Benjamin Franklin. Although he was born in Boston, Massachusetts, he lived in Pennsylvania for most of his life and played a crucial role in the state's development.

2. Erie Canal officially opens: On January 13, 1825, the Erie Canal in New York officially opened, which had a significant impact on Pennsylvania's economy. The canal opened up trade and transportation routes, making it easier for people and goods to flow in and out of the state.

3. Philadelphia becomes the nation's capital: On January 13, 1790, Philadelphia was officially established as the temporary capital of the United States. During this time, Pennsylvania played a central role in shaping the country's early history.

4. First U.S. public transit system: On January 13, 1831, the first U.S. public transit system was established in Pennsylvania. The system included horse-drawn carriages that transported people from downtown Philadelphia to the suburbs.

5. First successful oil well: On January 13, 1901, the first successful oil well was drilled in Spindletop, Texas. Although not located in Pennsylvania, this event played a significant role in the state's oil industry, as it spurred the development of new drilling techniques and technologies.