1. On January 23, 1821, the Choctaw Treaty of Doak's Stand was signed, which resulted in the forced relocation of the Choctaw Nation from Mississippi to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma).

2. In 1964, civil rights activist Robert Moses launched the Mississippi Freedom Summer Project in Jackson, Mississippi, with the goal of registering African American voters and advocating for equality. This project led to significant progress in the civil rights movement in Mississippi.

3. On January 23, 1861, free African American barber and newspaper editor William Johnson was murdered in Natchez, Mississippi. Johnson's story became the subject of a Pulitzer Prize-winning book by historian John Stauffer, titled "The Black Hearts of Men."

4. In 1968, civil rights leader and Mississippi NAACP field secretary Medgar Evers was posthumously awarded the Spingarn Medal by the NAACP for his work in promoting racial equality and justice in Mississippi.

5. On January 23, 1987, singer and songwriter Jimmy Buffett was inducted into the Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame. Born in Pascagoula, Mississippi, Buffett achieved great success with his "island-themed" music and has become an iconic figure in popular culture.