1. On July 12, 1794, the town of Nashville became the permanent capital of the state of Tennessee. The General Assembly voted to move the capital from Knoxville to Nashville due to its central location within the state.

2. Nashville's Centennial Park, home to the Parthenon replica and a popular spot for concerts and events, was dedicated on July 12, 1897. The park was created to celebrate Tennessee's centennial and was designed to replicate the layout of the 1897 Nashville Exposition.

3. Oak Ridge, Tennessee, which played a significant role in the development of the atomic bomb during World War II, was established on July 12, 1942. The city was built as part of the Manhattan Project and was home to secret government facilities where scientists worked to create the first atomic weapons.

4. On July 12, 1980, the world-famous Dollywood amusement park opened in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee. The park, owned by country music legend Dolly Parton, features roller coasters, live entertainment, and themed attractions.

5. The Battle of Fort Pillow, a controversial Civil War battle in which Confederate soldiers massacred African American Union soldiers and their white officers, took place on April 12, 1864. The battle resulted in the deaths of over 200 Union troops and is considered a significant event in the history of race relations in Tennessee.