1. On July 13, 1900, the Arizona Rangers were officially created as a law enforcement agency to protect the new state's borders from crime and violence. The rangers worked to control outlaws, enforce the law, and bring law and justice to rural communities beyond the reach of city and county law enforcement.

2. In 1917, on July 13, a new state law prohibited the teaching of any language other than English in public schools. This law was controversial among many immigrant families who spoke languages other than English at home and wanted their children to continue learning their native languages.

3. On July 13, 1958, a plane crash in central Arizona killed 128 people, including many members of the Nogales High School football team. The tragedy became known as the deadliest plane crash in Arizona's history and marked a devastating loss for the small, tight-knit community of Nogales.

4. In 1960, on July 13, the historic Saguaro National Monument became Saguaro National Park. The park, located near Tucson, preserves one of the defining symbols of the American West: the towering saguaro cactus, which can live up to 200 years.

5. On July 13, 1994, the Hopi tribe in northeastern Arizona signed a historic agreement with the U.S. government to protect sacred sites on land owned by the tribe. The agreement was the culmination of years of legal disputes and protests over the government's management of tribal lands, and marked a significant victory for indigenous peoples' rights.