1. The Battle of Harper's Ferry took place on July 31, 1864, during the American Civil War. Confederate forces under the command of General Jubal Early attacked the Union garrison at Harper's Ferry, resulting in a Confederate victory.

2. On July 31, 1878, the first issue of the Wheeling Daily Register was published. The newspaper became a prominent voice in West Virginia politics and helped to spur economic development in the region.

3. The West Virginia State Capitol was dedicated on July 31, 1932. The classical-style building, designed by architect Cass Gilbert, features a golden dome and is located in Charleston, the state capital.

4. Jazz pianist and composer Mary Lou Williams was born in Atlanta, Georgia, on July 31, 1910, but grew up in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She married fellow musician John Williams in 1946 and settled in Baltimore, Maryland, where she continued to perform and record until her death in 1981.

5. On July 31, 1948, the Tygart Valley River flooded, causing significant damage in several West Virginia communities. The flood was caused by heavy rain and resulted in the deaths of at least 16 people.