1. In 1850, Birmingham, Alabama was founded. The city would later become known as the "Magic City" due to its rapid growth and industrialization in the late 19th century.

2. On July 9, 1864, Union forces led by General William T. Sherman captured the Confederate city of Montgomery, Alabama during the Civil War. The city was the first Confederate capital and was an important symbol of the Confederacy's power.

3. In 1877, John Tyler Morgan, a former Confederate States Army officer and United States Senator from Alabama, gave a speech advocating for white supremacy and the disenfranchisement of African Americans. The speech led to the passage of Jim Crow laws in Alabama and other Southern states.

4. On July 9, 1900, the Scottsboro Boys were born in Scottsboro, Alabama. The group of nine African American teenagers became known internationally after being falsely accused of rape in 1931 and enduring multiple trials and appeals.

5. On July 9, 1962, NASA's Saturn V rocket was tested for the first time at the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. The successful test laid the foundation for the Apollo space program and helped establish Huntsville as a center for aerospace research and development.