1. On March 3, 1877, the US Army established Fort Apache in eastern Arizona to protect settlers from Apache raids. The fort became a major center for military operations in the region and served as a base for various campaigns against the Apache.

2. In 1913, Arizona became the 48th state in the United States on March 3. This historic event marked the culmination of a long struggle for statehood that began in the mid-19th century.

3. On March 3, 1931, Arizona Governor George W. P. Hunt signed a bill that created the Arizona State Parks system. Today, Arizona is home to over 30 state parks that attract millions of visitors each year.

4. In 1965, civil rights activist Cesar Chavez led a march in Phoenix to protest the treatment of farm workers. The march, which took place on March 3, was part of a larger movement to secure better working conditions and wages for migrant laborers.

5. On March 3, 1991, Rodney King, a black man, was brutally beaten by Los Angeles police officers. The incident became a flashpoint for racial tension and sparked riots in many cities, including Phoenix. The riots lasted for several days and resulted in numerous injuries, deaths, and property damage.