1. In 1865, King Kamehameha V established the Royal Order of Kamehameha I, a fraternal organization that sought to protect traditional Hawaiian customs and promote the welfare of the Hawaiian people.

2. In 1899, the 1900 Hawaiian Organic Act was signed into law by President William McKinley, which established Hawaii as a territory of the United States and paved the way for eventual statehood.

3. In 1943, the US Army established the Maui Airport, which served as a key military transportation hub during World War II and continued to play an important role in commercial air travel throughout the state.

4. In 1985, a group of native Hawaiian activists occupied the sacred summit of Mauna Kea to protest the construction of a 13-story telescope, sparking a long-standing debate over the use of native lands for scientific research.

5. In 2002, the Hawaii Supreme Court ruled that same-sex couples were entitled to the same rights and benefits as heterosexual couples, making Hawaii the first state to recognize civil unions between same-sex partners.