1. In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed on the island of Guanahani, which he named San Salvador. Although the exact location of San Salvador is still debated, many historians believe it may have been located in the Bahamas, making October 12 an important day in the history of Massachusetts and the larger New England region, as it marked the beginning of European colonization in the Americas.

2. In 1692, the infamous Salem Witch Trials took place in Salem, Massachusetts. On October 12 of that year, Mary Warren, who had previously accused several individuals of witchcraft, was arrested herself for allegedly practicing witchcraft. This event marked an important turning point in the trials, as Warren's testimony had been instrumental in previous convictions.

3. In 1810, the Boston Light was officially transferred from the US government to the Boston Marine Society for upkeep and maintenance. Built in 1716, the Boston Light is the oldest lighthouse in the United States and continues to serve as an important navigational aid for ships entering Boston Harbor.

4. In 1901, President Theodore Roosevelt visited Boston and delivered a speech to an audience of veterans. During the speech, he famously proclaimed that "Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far." This quote has become one of Roosevelt's most well-known phrases and is often used to describe his approach to foreign policy.

5. In 1979, Mother Teresa of Calcutta visited Boston and gave a talk at the Cathedral of the Holy Cross. During her visit, she also visited a number of hospitals and other institutions in the city, bringing comfort and hope to many in need. Her visit to Massachusetts served as a reminder of the importance of compassion and service to others.