1. On October 14, 1864, the infamous Sand Creek Massacre took place in southeastern Colorado. A volunteer regiment of Colorado soldiers attacked a peaceful camp of Cheyenne and Arapaho Native Americans, killing over 200 men, women, and children.

2. October 14, 1888 marks the founding of Colorado State University in Fort Collins. Originally established as a land-grant college, CSU has grown into a thriving research institution with over 30,000 students.

3. The first-ever Winter Olympics held in the United States opened on October 14, 1932, in Lake Placid, New York. Several Colorado athletes, including ski jumper Bill Fiske and figure skater Roger Turner, competed in the games.

4. On this day in 1968, the American Indian Movement (AIM) was founded at a gathering of Native American activists in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Colorado's AIM chapter played a prominent role in the movement's efforts to promote Native American rights and sovereignty.

5. Colorado's first-ever presidential debate took place on October 14, 1992, at the University of Denver. The debate between incumbent President George H.W. Bush, Democratic nominee Bill Clinton, and independent candidate Ross Perot drew a nationwide audience and focused heavily on domestic issues.