1. On October 19, 1781, British General Charles Cornwallis surrendered to General George Washington in Yorktown, Virginia, effectively ending the Revolutionary War. Though this didn't happen in Maryland, it was a significant event in American history.

2. On October 19, 1830, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad began operation, becoming the first railway company in the United States. It connected Baltimore, Maryland, with the Ohio River, and played a major role in the development of transportation and commerce in the region.

3. On October 19, 1864, Confederate General Jubal Early launched a surprise attack on Union General Philip Sheridan's troops at Cedar Creek, Virginia, during the Civil War. Though the Confederacy initially had success, the Union forces ultimately won the battle and dealt a crushing blow to the Confederate Army.

4. On October 19, 1964, the Baltimore Orioles won their first World Series title, defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Orioles achieved their victory in just four games, cementing their place in baseball history.

5. On October 19, 2019, Maryland celebrated its first ever "Indigenous Peoples' Day" as a holiday in place of Columbus Day. The change was made to recognize and honor the history and contributions of Maryland's indigenous communities.