1. Battle of Gonzales: On October 19, 1835, the first battle of the Texas Revolution took place in Gonzales, Texas. Known as the "Lexington of Texas," the battle began when Mexican soldiers tried to seize a cannon from Texan colonists, leading to a skirmish that ignited the revolution.

2. Galveston Hurricane: In 1900, one of the deadliest natural disasters in U.S. history occurred when a hurricane struck the island of Galveston, Texas on October 19. The storm surge was 15 feet high and killed an estimated 6,000-8,000 people.

3. First Presidential Debate: On October 19, 1960, the first televised presidential debate in U.S. history took place between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon at the CBS studio in Chicago. The debate was watched by an estimated 70 million people and is regarded as a turning point in American politics.

4. NASA: On October 19, 2016, astronaut Peggy Whitson set a new NASA record for the most cumulative days spent in space by an American astronaut. This was her third long-duration mission aboard the International Space Station.

5. Texas Music Hall of Fame: Established in 1999, the Texas Music Hall of Fame honors musicians and other music industry figures who have made significant contributions to the state's music heritage. The induction ceremony takes place every October, with past honorees including Willie Nelson, Buddy Holly, and Stevie Ray Vaughan.