1. On October 22, 1991, South Dakota celebrated the opening of the Crazy Horse Memorial, which is the largest mountain carving in the world. The memorial honors the Lakota leader and his people.

2. In 1890, the Battle of Wounded Knee occurred on December 29, but on October 22 of the same year, the Dawes Act was enacted, which led to the division of communal Native American lands into individual holdings.

3. On October 22, 1900, Dakota Wesleyan University was founded in Mitchell, South Dakota, originally as the Dakota University.

4. The state’s first railroad, called the Black Hills & Fort Pierre, was established on October 22, 1880. It would eventually be acquired by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad.

5. In 1965, South Dakota established its 911 emergency calling system on October 22, which is still used today throughout the state. Prior to the 911 system being implemented, people had to call their local police or fire stations directly in case of an emergency.