1. Texas officially became a state: On June 30, 1845, Texas was officially admitted to the United States as the 28th state. This followed nine years of independence as the Republic of Texas.

2. Galveston hurricane: On June 30, 1900, one of the deadliest natural disasters in U.S. history struck Galveston, Texas. A massive hurricane swept through the city, killing an estimated 6,000-12,000 people.

3. The Houston Riot: On June 30, 1917, a race riot broke out in Houston, Texas, when African American soldiers clashed with white police officers. The violence resulted in the deaths of 15 African Americans and 4 white police officers, with many more injured.

4. The discovery of oil at Spindletop: On June 30, 1901, oil was discovered at Spindletop, near Beaumont, Texas. This discovery led to the rapid growth of the Texas oil industry and made the state one of the richest in the country.

5. The first Juneteenth celebration: Although Juneteenth became a federal holiday in 2021, it has been celebrated in Texas for over 155 years. On June 30, 1865, Union soldiers arrived in Galveston, Texas, to announce that all enslaved people were free. This day is now celebrated as Juneteenth, a day of freedom and liberation.